According to research, institutionalized 8- and 9-year-old children had what relative condition compared to non-institutionalized children?

The emphasis on poorer bilateral coordination in institutionalized children compared to their non-institutionalized peers highlights the impact that institutional upbringing can have on motor development. Bilateral coordination, which involves the ability to use both sides of the body in a controlled and efficient manner, often requires practice and opportunities for varied physical interactions that are typically found in more nurturing environments.

Research indicates that institutionalized children often lack such opportunities due to limited physical activity and inadequate environmental stimulation, which can hinder their motor skill development. Many of these children may not have regular access to activities that promote the coordination of both sides of their bodies, such as playing games, engaging in sports, or participating in creative play that involves complex movements.

In contrast, non-institutionalized children are often exposed to a wider range of experiences and have more opportunities to develop these critical physical skills through informal play and guided activities. This difference can lead to marked disparities in their abilities, demonstrating that an enriched environment is crucial for the development of skills such as bilateral coordination.